第1 章 O-RAN 发展历程 ··································································1 
1.1 O-RAN 技术发展历程 ··································································· 1 
1.1.1 移动通信 RAN 技术发展 ·································································· 1 
1.1.2 C-RAN、Virtual RAN（vRAN）与 O-RAN ··········································· 5 
1.2 O-RAN 组织发展历史 ··································································11 
1.2.1 电信基础设施项目······································································12 
1.2.2 O-RAN 联盟 ················································································13 
1.2.3 其他组织 ····················································································15 
第 2 章 O-RAN 产业现状 ································································ 18 
2.1 O-RAN 产业发展历程与生态概览 ···················································18 
2.2 全球主流电信运营商 O-RAN 研发 & 部署情况 ···································20 
2.2.1 Telefonica 的 O-RAN 研发 & 部署情况 ···············································22 
2.2.2 德国电信的 O-RAN 研发 & 部署情况 ·················································23 
2.2.3 沃达丰的 O-RAN 研发 & 部署情况 ····················································23 
2.2.4 乐天移动的 O-RAN 研发 & 部署情况 ·················································24 
2.2.5 Dish 的 O-RAN 研发 & 部署情况 ······················································25 
2.2.6 中国移动的 O-RAN 研发 & 部署情况 ·················································25 
2.3 传统电信设备供应商对 O-RAN 的支持情况 ······································26 
2.3.1 爱立信对 O-RAN 的支持情况 ··························································26 
2.3.2 诺基亚对 O-RAN 的支持情况 ··························································27 
2.3.3 三星对 O-RAN 的支持情况 ·····························································27 
2.3.4 华为 / 中兴对 O-RAN 的支持情况 ·····················································28 
2.4 新兴电信设备供应商对 O-RAN 的支持情况 ······································28 
2.4.1 Altiostar 对 O-RAN 的支持情况 ························································28 
2.4.2 Parallel Wireless 对 O-RAN 的支持情况 ··············································30 
2.4.3 Mavenir 对 O-RAN 的支持情况 ························································32 
2.4.4 思科对 O-RAN 的支持情况 ·····························································33 
2.4.5 英特尔对 O-RAN 的支持情况 ·······················································33 
2.4.6 亚信科技对 O-RAN 的支持情况 ·······················································34 
2.4.7 世炬网络对 O-RAN 的支持情况 ·······················································37 
2.5 测试仪表厂商对 O-RAN 的支持情况 ···············································37 
2.5.1 是德科技对 O-RAN 的支持情况 ·······················································37 
2.5.2 VIAVI 对 O-RAN 的支持情况 ···························································39 
第 3 章 O-RAN 架构 ······································································ 41 
3.1 O-RAN 架构总体介绍 ··································································41 
3.1.1 O-RAN 总体架构 ··········································································42 
3.1.2 O-RAN 云平台 ·············································································45 
3.1.3 O-RAN 网络功能层 ·······································································45 
3.1.4 O-RAN 服务管理和编排 ·································································47 
3.1.5 O-RAN 智能化控制 ·······································································48 
3.2 O-RAN 与其他网元互连 ·······························································53 
3.2.1 O-RAN 与 3GPP LTE 网元互连 ·························································53 
3.2.2 O-RAN 与 3GPP 5G 网元互连 ··························································53 
3.2.3 O-RAN 与 Non-3GPP 网元互连 ························································54 
3.3 O-RAN 安全 ··············································································55 
3.3.1 O-RAN 安全措施 ··········································································55 
3.3.2 O-RAN 威胁分析 ··········································································56 
3.3.3 O-RAN 安全协议 ··········································································57 
3.3.4 零信任体系结构 ···········································································57 
3.3.5 安全增强计划 ··············································································57 
3.4 O-RAN 架构与 3GPP 5G RAN 架构比较 ···········································58 
3.4.1 核心目标比较 ··············································································58 
3.4.2 架构比较 ····················································································59 
第 4 章 非实时无线智能控制器 ························································ 65 
4.1 非实时无线智能控制器架构···························································65 
4.1.1 Non-RT RIC 架构需求 ····································································65 
4.1.2 Non-RT RIC 框架的服务化功能和接口 ···············································70 
4.1.3 rApp 能力 ···················································································72 
4.2 Non-RT RIC 基础功能 ··································································72 
4.2.1 数据管理与开放 ···········································································73 
4.2.2 策略管理 ····················································································74 
4.2.3 rApp 管理 ···················································································74 
4.2.4 AI/ML 支持 ·················································································75 
4.2.5 终端服务 ····················································································75 
4.3 rApp 基础功能 ············································································76 
4.3.1 rApp 集成服务 ·············································································76 
4.3.2 AI/ML 支持 ·················································································76 
4.4 A1 接口 ····················································································77 
4.4.1 A1-P 服务信息 ·············································································79 
4.4.2 A1-EI 服务信息 ············································································81 
4.4.3 A1-ML 服务信息 ··········································································82 
4.5 R1 接口 ····················································································82 
第 5 章 近实时无线智能控制器 ························································ 86 
5.1 近实时无线智能控制器架构···························································86 
5.1.1 Near-RT RIC 架构需求····································································86 
5.1.2 Near-RT RIC 功能 ··········································································87 
5.1.3 xApp 能力 ···················································································89 
5.2 Near-RT RIC 基础功能 ··································································90 
5.2.1 数据库与 SDL 服务 ·······································································90 
5.2.2 xApp 订阅管理 ·············································································91 
5.2.3 冲突调解 ····················································································91 
5.2.4 消息总线 ····················································································93 
5.2.5 安全性 ·······················································································93 
5.2.6 管理服务 ····················································································94 
5.2.7 接口服务 ····················································································95 
5.2.8 API 管理服务 ···············································································96 
5.2.9 AI/ML 支持 ·················································································97 
5.2.10 xApp 仓储功能 ···········································································97 
5.3 xApp 简介 ·················································································98 
5.3.1 xApp 组成 ···················································································98 
5.3.2 经典用例 ····················································································98 
5.4 E2 接口 ····················································································99 
5.4.1 E2 订阅功能 ·············································································· 100 
5.4.2 E2 订阅删除功能 ········································································ 102 
5.4.3 E2 指示功能 ·············································································· 105 
5.4.4 E2 控制功能 ·············································································· 106 
5.4.5 E2 指南请求 / 响应功能 ································································ 107 
5.4.6 E2 指南修改功能 ········································································ 109 
5.5 基于 QoS 的资源优化 ································································· 111 
5.5.1 参与的功能实体 ········································································· 112 
5.5.2 主要功能流程 ············································································ 113 
第 6 章 集中单元、分布单元和射频单元 ···········································115 
6.1 集中单元················································································· 116 
6.1.1 集中单元用户面 ········································································· 116 
6.1.2 集中单元控制面 ········································································· 118 
6.2 分布单元················································································· 124 
6.2.1 无线链路控制 ············································································ 125 
6.2.2 媒体接入控制 ············································································ 126 
6.2.3 物理层 ····················································································· 134 
6.3 射频单元················································································· 135 
6.3.1 室内型皮站 O-RU7-2 硬件架构 ························································ 136 
6.3.2 室内型皮站 O-RU6 硬件架构 ·························································· 137 
6.3.3 室内型皮站 O-RU8 硬件架构 ·························································· 139 
6.3.4 室内型皮站 DU 与 RU 一体化硬件架构 ············································ 140 
6.3.5 室内型皮站 O-RUx 通用要求 ························································· 141 
6.3.6 室内型皮站 O-RUx 切分选项具体要求 ·············································· 143 
6.3.7 室外型微站 O-RU7-2 硬件架构 ························································ 144 
6.3.8 室外型微站 O-RUx 通用要求 ·························································· 145 
6.3.9 室内型皮站前传接口网关 FHGW7-2（Option7-2 之间互联） ···················· 147 
6.3.10 室内型皮站前传接口网关 FHGW（Option7-2 与 Option8 之间互联） ······· 149 
6.3.11 室内型皮站前传接口网关 FHGW（Option8 之间互联） ······················ 150 
6.3.12 室内型皮站 FHGWX 通用技术要求 ················································ 152 
第 7 章 O-RAN 云化 ···································································· 154 
7.1 云平台 ···················································································· 154 
7.1.1 云计算架构 ··············································································· 154 
7.1.2 O-Cloud 架构 ············································································· 156 
7.1.3 O-Cloud 关键概念 ······································································· 160 
7.1.4 O-Cloud 基础用例 ······································································· 161 
7.1.5 O-Cloud 部署场景 ······································································· 163 
7.2 O2 接口 ·················································································· 171 
7.2.1 O2 接口功能 ·············································································· 171 
7.2.2 O2 接口服务 ·············································································· 173 
7.3 O-Cloud Notifification 接口及功能 ··················································· 174 
第 8 章 O-RAN 的管理与编排 ························································ 179 
8.1 SMO 的功能定位 ······································································ 179 
8.2 SMO OAM 架构········································································ 180 
8.2.1 OAM 架构总体设计原则 ······························································· 180 
8.2.2 架构需求 ·················································································· 181 
8.2.3 参考体系架构 ············································································ 182 
8.3 SMO 网络实例化示例 ································································ 192 
8.3.1 O-RAN 网络服务的构成 ······························································· 192 
8.3.2 网络实例化目标 ········································································· 193 
8.3.3 SMO 功能需求 ··········································································· 193 
8.3.4 用例流程 ·················································································· 194 
8.4 SMO 与传统 OSS 的接口 ···························································· 197 
8.5 O1 接口 ·················································································· 199 
8.5.1 配置管理 ·················································································· 200 
8.5.2 性能管理 ·················································································· 201 
8.5.3 故障管理 ·················································································· 201 
8.5.4 跟踪管理 ·················································································· 201 
8.5.5 文件管理 ·················································································· 202 
8.5.6 心跳管理 ·················································································· 203 
8.5.7 PNF 启动和注册管理 ··································································· 203 
8.5.8 PNF 软件管理 ············································································ 203 
8.6 SMO 与自智网络 ······································································ 204 
8.6.1 网络管理系统自智等级分级总体方法 ·············································· 204 
8.6.2 O-RAN SMO（服务管理编排）与自智网络相关管理编排 ····················· 205 
第 9 章 O-RAN 演进与展望 ··························································· 206 
9.1 O-RAN 面临的挑战和不足 ·························································· 206 
9.2 O-RAN 展望 ············································································ 208 
词汇表·························································································211