目 录 第1章 区块链新基建 1.1 区块链正在引发新的革命 ···························································2 1.1.1 “信任”正在慢慢地被重视 ·······················································3 1.1.2 区块链与其他行业的关联性 ·······················································6 1.1.3 为什么区块链会成为新基建 ·······················································9 1.2 区块链的发展 ············································································11 1.2.1 区块链的诞生 ············································································11 1.2.2 区块链掀起第一波大的浪潮 ······················································12 1.2.3 区块链在数字货币中的作用 ······················································13 1.2.4 区块链的“链改浪潮” ·····························································14 1.2.5 区块链对社会的意义 ·································································16 1.3 区块链新基建正在拉开序幕 ·····················································17 1.3.1 价值需要回归 ············································································18 1.3.2 放眼国家和全球 ········································································20 1.3.3 技术拼图 ····················································································22 1.3.4 数字货币 ····················································································24 区块链新基建：赋能产业新机遇 VIII 第2章 区块链的概念和科普 2.1 区块链的概念 ············································································29 2.1.1 什么是区块链 ············································································29 2.1.2 区块链和传统的技术有什么区别 ··············································33 2.1.3 区块链的目标是什么 ·································································34 2.1.4 区块链与大数据、云计算、AI等其他技术的关系 ···················35 2.1.5 区块链和大众有什么关系 ··························································36 2.2 区块链科普 ···············································································37 2.2.1 区块链无法创造新生态 ·····························································38 2.2.2 什么是“去中心化” ·································································39 2.2.3 区块链上的数据真的无法篡改吗 ··············································40 2.2.4 区块链和数据库的区别 ·····························································41 2.2.5 联盟链、公链目前发展瓶颈是什么 ···········································43 2.2.6 区块链中的通证是什么 ·····························································45 2.2.7 区块链和比特币的关系 ·····························································46 2.2.8 区块链中的挖矿是什么 ·····························································47 第3章 通证经济 3.1 什么是通证 ···············································································50 3.2 交易通证 ···················································································53 3.3 激励通证 ···················································································53 3.4 股权通证 ···················································································54 3.5 资产通证 ···················································································56 IX 目 录 3.6 确权通证 ···················································································61 3.7 稳定通证 ···················································································63 3.8 通证的意义 ···············································································64 第4章 稳定通证 4.1 稳定通证概述 ············································································68 4.1.1 什么是稳定通证 ········································································68 4.1.2 稳定通证的意义 ········································································69 4.1.3 稳定币的现状 ············································································70 4.2 稳定通证如何“稳定” ·····························································72 4.2.1 国家货币抵押型 ········································································72 4.2.2 “去中心化”和“中心化” ······················································75 4.2.3 数字货币抵押型 ········································································77 4.2.4 资产抵押型 ················································································82 4.2.5 混合抵押型 ················································································83 4.3 预言机 ·······················································································84 4.3.1 预言机是什么 ············································································84 4.3.2 对于预言机的误解 ·····································································85 4.3.3 预言机的类型 ············································································86 4.3.4 预言机面临的问题 ·····································································87 4.3.5 预言机案例 ················································································89 第5章 数字活动和电子支付 5.1 DC/EP ·······················································································98 5.1.1 DC/EP是什么 ············································································98 5.1.2 DC/EP带来的思考 ··································································102 5.1.3 关于DC/EP未来发展的猜想 ··················································103 5.2 详解DC/EP的各个属性 ·························································107 5.2.1 DC/EP和区块链技术的关系 ···················································107 5.2.2 DC/EP的无限法偿性是什么 ···················································108 5.2.3 DC/EP为何可以无网支付 ·······················································109 5.2.4 DC/EP的匿名性 ······································································111 5.2.5 DC/EP和微信以及支付宝的关系是什么 ·································111 第6章 区块链人才教育和培养 6.1 区块链的特殊性 ······································································116 6.1.1 技术和思想 ··············································································116 6.1.2 区块链全景 ··············································································119 6.2 区块链人才教育 ······································································120 6.2.1 工信部区块链人才教育 ···························································121 6.2.2 人社部区块链新岗位 ·······························································122 6.2.3 教育部区块链1+X教育 ··························································122 6.2.4 人才先行还是产业先行 ···························································123 6.3 区块链人才 ·············································································124 6.3.1 区块链人才“定义” ·······························································124 6.3.2 企业、社会和高校的需求 ························································126 6.3.3 应该怎么学习区块链 ·······························································126 6.3.4 应该从事什么样的区块链岗位 ················································128 第7章 区块链赋能产业 7.1 区块链建立可信的产业生态 ···················································130 7.2 区块链产业目前面临的问题 ···················································132 7.3 房屋租赁+区块链 ··································································134 7.4 电子票+区块链 ······································································135 7.5 长租房+区块链 ······································································136 7.6 预付款+区块链 ······································································138 7.7 多平台积分一体化 ··································································140 7.8 数据共享+区块链 ··································································142 7.9 游戏+区块链 ·········································································143 7.10 公链和联盟链 ········································································144 7.11 总结 ·······················································································146 第8章 区块链的关键技术与思考 8.1 区块链的系统架构 ··································································148 8.1.1 比特币的系统架构 ···································································148 8.1.2 以太坊与智能合约 ···································································150 8.1.3 Hyperledger技术体系 ······························································152 8.1.4 Fisco Bcos技术体系 ································································156 8.1.5 蚂蚁链技术体系 ······································································159 8.2 智能合约 ·················································································160 8.2.1 智能合约的概念 ······································································161 8.2.2 以太坊与Solidity语言概述 ·····················································164 8.2.3 EVM与智能合约应用 ·····························································166 8.2.4 智能合约的实际应用场景 ························································169 8.3 共识算法 ·················································································171 8.3.1 共识算法—构筑区块链信任的基石 ·····································171 8.3.2 PoW（工作量证明） ·······························································173 8.3.3 PoS（权益证明） ····································································174 8.3.4 DPoS（委托权益证明） ··························································177 8.3.5 PBFT（实用拜占庭容错算法）···············································179 8.3.6 Raft算法 ··················································································180 8.4 区块链的技术思考 ··································································183 8.4.1 溯源 ·························································································184 8.4.2 可信 ·························································································185 8.4.3 防篡改 ·····················································································187 8.4.4 跨信任主体的信息传递性 ························································189 8.4.5 分布式账本 ··············································································191 第9章 基于区块链的未来虚拟世界 9.1 Metaverse（元宇宙）未来的可能性 ···············································196 9.2 区块链支撑的虚拟物品 ···························································198 9.2.1 资产的所有权 ··········································································198 9.2.2 资产的流动性 ··········································································199 9.2.3 知识产权的互通性 ···································································200 9.2.4 透明的游戏规则 ······································································200 9.2.5 虚拟内容产生激励 ···································································201 9.2.6 玩家参与，玩家治理 ·······························································201 9.2.7 区块链上的盲盒经济 ·······························································202 9.3 区块链市场分析和游戏类型 ···················································203 9.3.1 市场分析 ··················································································203 9.3.2 用户画像 ··················································································204 9.3.3 区块链游戏类型 ······································································206 9.3.4 区块链上的博彩产业 ·······························································207 9.4 NFT是不是一个泡沫 ······························································208 9.5 支撑虚拟世界的区块链的不可能三角问题 ·····························209 9.5.1 安全性（Security） ·································································209 9.5.2 可拓展性（Scalability） ··························································210 9.5.3 去中心化（Decentralization） ·················································211 9.5.4 下一代区块链 ··········································································212 9.6 结语·························································································213