Python 目 录 第1章 概述................................................................................1 1.1 程序设计语言 ..................................................................................................1 1.2 程序设计方法 ..................................................................................................5 1.3 程序的运行过程 ............................................................................................10 1.4 Python安装与开发环境 ...............................................................................12 1.5 Python库 .......................................................................................................18 1.6 程序打包 ........................................................................................................22 1.7 应用举例 ........................................................................................................23 1.8 本章小结 ........................................................................................................26 习题 .........................................................................................................................27 第2章 基本语法........................................................................28 2.1 常量、变量、关键字 ....................................................................................28 2.2 输入输出 ........................................................................................................29 2.3 注释 ................................................................................................................31 2.4 数据类型 ........................................................................................................32 2.5 应用举例 ........................................................................................................47 2.6 Python之禅 ...................................................................................................52 2.7 本章小结 ........................................................................................................52 习题 .........................................................................................................................53 第3章 程序控制结构.................................................................54 3.1 选择结构 ........................................................................................................54 3.2 循环结构 ........................................................................................................62 3.3 异常处理 ........................................................................................................75 3.4 应用举例 ........................................................................................................82 3.5 本章小节 ........................................................................................................92 习题 .........................................................................................................................92 第4章 函数.............................................................................93 4.1 函数定义与调用 ............................................................................................93 4.2 函数的参数传递 ............................................................................................96 4.3 函数变量的作用范围 ....................................................................................99 4.4 匿名函数 ......................................................................................................103 4.5 递归函数 ......................................................................................................106 4.6 内置函数及使用 ..........................................................................................108 4.7 函数的文档 ..................................................................................................110 4.8 应用举例 ......................................................................................................111 4.9 本章小结 ......................................................................................................122 习题 .......................................................................................................................122 第5章 组合数据类型................................................................125 5.1 集合 ..............................................................................................................125 5.2 序列类型及通用操作 ..................................................................................130 5.3 元组 ..............................................................................................................132 5.4 列表 ..............................................................................................................134 5.5 字典 ..............................................................................................................140 5.6 应用举例 ......................................................................................................146 5.7 本章小结 ......................................................................................................157 习题 .......................................................................................................................158 第6章 面向对象程序设计...........................................................160 6.1 类与对象 ......................................................................................................160 6.2 属性与方法 ..................................................................................................164 目 录 V 6.3 应用举例 ......................................................................................................173 6.4 本章小结 ......................................................................................................175 习题 .......................................................................................................................175 第7章 文件操作.......................................................................177 7.1 文件的基本概念 ..........................................................................................177 7.2 文件的打开与关闭 ......................................................................................178 7.3 文件的读写 ..................................................................................................180 7.4 主要数据文件格式 ......................................................................................185 7.5 应用举例 ......................................................................................................188 7.6 本章小结 ......................................................................................................191 习题 .......................................................................................................................191 第8章 GUI编程......................................................................193 8.1 Python GUI常见库 .....................................................................................193 8.2 Tkinter基础 .................................................................................................194 8.3 常用控件 ......................................................................................................198 8.4 事件处理 ......................................................................................................205 8.5 布局方法 ......................................................................................................208 8.6 对话框 ..........................................................................................................211 8.7 应用举例 ......................................................................................................213 8.8 本章小结 ......................................................................................................216 习题 .......................................................................................................................216 第9章 科学计算、数据分析与可视化..............................................217 9.1 NumPy .........................................................................................................217 9.2 Pandas ..........................................................................................................222 9.3 Matplotlib .....................................................................................................230 9.4 应用举例 ......................................................................................................237 9.5 本章小结 ......................................................................................................240 习题 .......................................................................................................................240 第10章 多媒体编程..................................................................242 10.1 PIL和Pillow .............................................................................................242 10.2 图像及Image类 ........................................................................................242 10.3 图像处理 ....................................................................................................243 10.4 OpenCV.....................................................................................................246 10.5 Librosa .......................................................................................................249 10.6 应用举例 ....................................................................................................252 10.7 本章小结 ....................................................................................................254 习题 .......................................................................................................................254 第11章 网络爬虫.....................................................................255 11.1 基本概念 ....................................................................................................255 11.2 requests库 .................................................................................................256 11.3 BeautifulSoup4 ..........................................................................................259 11.4 应用举例 ....................................................................................................263 11.5 本章小结 ....................................................................................................265 习题 .......................................................................................................................265 参考文献.................................................................................267 附录A Python3编码风格参考规范.............................................268 A.1 代码布局.....................................................................................................268 A.2 命名规则.....................................................................................................270 附录B ASCII码.....................................................................271 附录C Unicode码.................................................................274 C.1 Unicode编码方式 ......................................................................................274 C.2 Unicode实现方式 ......................................................................................275