目 录

第1章 Linux系统建立 ...................................................................................1

1.1 Linux简介 ...........................................................................................1

1.1.1 Linux的产生与发展 ...............................................................1

1.1.2 Linux的基本特性 ...................................................................1

1.1.3 常用的Linux版本 ..................................................................2

1.2 VMware的使用 ..................................................................................3

1.2.1 虚拟机的安装 .........................................................................3

1.2.2 RHEL的安装 ..........................................................................5

1.3 Linux的启动与关闭 .........................................................................10

1.3.1 引导Linux .............................................................................10

1.3.2 root口令的恢复 ....................................................................12

1.3.3 用户登录 ...............................................................................13

1.3.4 系统重启与关闭 ...................................................................14

1.4 Linux网络配置 ................................................................................15

本章小结 ....................................................................................................19

习题 ............................................................................................................19

第2章 Linux终端操作 .................................................................................20

2.1 Linux终端操作基础 .........................................................................20

2.1.1 Linux文件及操作符 .............................................................20

2.1.2 Linux目录结构 .....................................................................21

2.1.3 Linux的RPM包 ..................................................................22

2.1.4 Linux的tar包 ......................................................................23

2.2 目录和文件操作命令 .......................................................................25

2.3 用户管理命令 ...................................................................................34

2.4 系统管理命令 ...................................................................................39

本章小结 ....................................................................................................44

习题 ............................................................................................................44

第3章 Shell编程 ...........................................................................................45

3.1 文本编辑器vi简介 ..........................................................................45

3.1.1 vi基本概念 ...........................................................................45

3.1.2 vi输入模式 ...........................................................................45

3.1.3 删除与修改操作 ...................................................................46



3.1.4 移动光标命令 ..................................................................................................46

3.1.5 编辑命令 ..........................................................................................................46

3.1.6 文件操作指令 ..................................................................................................47

3.2 Bash Shell编程 ............................................................................................................47

3.2.1 环境变量 ..........................................................................................................48

3.2.2 运算符 ..............................................................................................................50

3.2.3 常用命令 ..........................................................................................................53

3.2.4 if语句 ...............................................................................................................55

3.2.5 for循环结构 .....................................................................................................56

3.2.6 while和until ....................................................................................................57

3.2.7 case语句 ..........................................................................................................58

3.2.8 Bash中的函数 .................................................................................................59

3.3 Awk语言介绍 ..............................................................................................................60

3.3.1 变量 ..................................................................................................................61

3.3.2 显示文件中指定分段内容 ..............................................................................63

3.3.3 显示文件特定行指定段的内容 ......................................................................64

3.3.4 多条件语法 ......................................................................................................65

3.3.5 多行记录的结构 ..............................................................................................65

3.3.6 循环结构 ..........................................................................................................67

3.3.7 数组 ..................................................................................................................68

本章小结 ...............................................................................................................................70

习题 ......................................................................................................................................71

第4章 Linux常用服务 ............................................................................................................72

4.1 远程登录服务 ..............................................................................................................72

4.2 Samba原理与应用 .......................................................................................................74

4.2.1 Samba的由来 ..................................................................................................74

4.2.2 Samba的组成 ..................................................................................................75

4.2.3 Samba的安装、运行与使用 ..........................................................................76

4.2.4 用Shell程序建立smb用户 ...........................................................................79

4.2.5 smb.conf配置文件 ..........................................................................................79

4.3 Apache Web服务器 .....................................................................................................83

4.3.1 Apache的由来与特点 .....................................................................................83

4.3.2 Apache的安装与运行 .....................................................................................83

4.3.3 Apache的配置文件httpd.conf ........................................................................86

4.3.4 Apache目录和文件访问控制 .........................................................................89

4.3.5 虚拟主机 ..........................................................................................................92

4.4 DNS ..............................................................................................................................95

4.4.1 DNS的概念 .....................................................................................................95

4.4.2 DNS中的术语及求解过程 .............................................................................96

4.4.3 本地DNS服务器的结构 ................................................................................97



4.5 FTP服务器 .................................................................................................................104

4.5.1 ProFTPD匿名登录异常分析 ........................................................................106

4.5.2 VSFTP服务器 ...............................................................................................107

本章小结 .............................................................................................................................112

习题 ....................................................................................................................................112

第5章 MySQL数据库应用 ...................................................................................................114

5.1 MySQL数据库的结构与建立 ..................................................................................114

5.1.1 MySQL数据库的结构 ..................................................................................114

5.1.2 数据库的建立 ................................................................................................115

5.2 MySQL数据库中数据的操作 ..................................................................................121

5.2.1 表的修改操作 ................................................................................................121

5.2.2 查询数据 ........................................................................................................123

5.3 MySQL数据库的用户权限 ......................................................................................125

5.3.1 用户权限 ........................................................................................................125

5.3.2 增加新用户 ....................................................................................................125

5.3.3 取消权限 ........................................................................................................126

5.3.4 删除用户 ........................................................................................................127

5.3.5 MySQL管理软件 ..........................................................................................127

本章小结 .............................................................................................................................129

习题 ....................................................................................................................................129

第6章 PHP编程初步 .............................................................................................................131

6.1 HTML基础 ................................................................................................................131

6.1.1 基本HTML标记 ...........................................................................................131

6.1.2 HTML页面举例 ............................................................................................132

6.1.3 框架 ................................................................................................................133

6.1.4 JavaScript ........................................................................................................134

6.2 PHP操作符与变量 ....................................................................................................136

6.2.1 常量 ................................................................................................................136

6.2.2 运算符 ............................................................................................................137

6.2.3 变量 ................................................................................................................138

6.3 PHP程序控制语句 ....................................................................................................142

6.3.1 条件语句 ........................................................................................................142

6.3.2 循环语句 ........................................................................................................143

6.3.3 开关控制语句 ................................................................................................144

6.3.4 中断语句 ........................................................................................................146

6.4 文件和字符串操作 ....................................................................................................147

6.4.1 文件和字符串操作常用函数 ........................................................................147

6.4.2 基于文件操作的留言板 ................................................................................150

6.4.3 PHP在Linux中以Shell方式运行 ..............................................................152

6.5 PHP对MySQL数据库的访问 .................................................................................154

6.5.1 常用数据库函数 ............................................................................................154



6.5.2 MySQL数据库的留言板 ..............................................................................156

本章小结 .............................................................................................................................160

习题 ....................................................................................................................................160

第7章 Linux扩展服务 ..........................................................................................................161

7.1 Qmail的应用 .............................................................................................................161

7.1.1 创建Qmail主目录和运行用户 ....................................................................161

7.1.2 安装Qmail .....................................................................................................162

7.1.3 调试Qmail .....................................................................................................163

7.1.4 安装vpopmail参考 .......................................................................................166

7.1.5 邮件发送和接收实验 ....................................................................................169

7.2 DHCP服务器建立 .....................................................................................................170

7.2.1 DHCP服务器的安装 .....................................................................................171

7.2.2 dhcpd配置文件dhcpd.conf ...........................................................................171

7.2.3 DHCP服务器的备份与中转 .........................................................................172

7.3 代理服务的使用 ........................................................................................................173

7.3.1 Apache代理服务 ...........................................................................................173

7.3.2 Squid代理服务 ..............................................................................................174

7.4 综合安装各种服务Shell程序 ..................................................................................177

7.4.1 网络参数和启动程序设置 ............................................................................177

7.4.2 参考安装程序Shell脚本 ..............................................................................178

本章小结 .............................................................................................................................182

习题 ....................................................................................................................................183

第8章 Linux防火墙iptables ................................................................................................184

8.1 防火墙的任务 ............................................................................................................184

8.2 TCP的状态与连接 ....................................................................................................185

8.2.1 状态 ................................................................................................................185

8.2.2 TCP的三次握手过程 ....................................................................................186

8.2.3 TCP三次握手的状态 ....................................................................................189

8.2.4 ICMP的状态 .................................................................................................190

8.3 iptables中的表和链 ...................................................................................................190

8.3.1 filter表 ............................................................................................................190

8.3.2 nat表 ..............................................................................................................191

8.3.3 mangle表 .......................................................................................................191

8.3.4 iptables的流程 ...............................................................................................192

8.4 iptables中的规则 .......................................................................................................192

8.4.1 数据包的匹配方式和限制 ............................................................................193

8.4.2 非正常包的匹配 ............................................................................................193

8.4.3 常用命令 ........................................................................................................194

8.5 防火墙举例 ................................................................................................................196

8.5.1 测试iptables防火墙的filter表中链的工作情况 ........................................196

8.5.2 防火墙例题分析 ............................................................................................198



本章小结 .............................................................................................................................201

习题 ....................................................................................................................................201

参考文献.....................................................................................................................................202

附录A iptables参考手册........................................................................................................203

附录B 常见TCP端口列表 ....................................................................................................211

附录C 习题参考答案 ..............................................................................................................215