目 录 第1章 Linux系统建立 ...................................................................................1 1.1 Linux简介 ...........................................................................................1 1.1.1 Linux的产生与发展 ...............................................................1 1.1.2 Linux的基本特性 ...................................................................1 1.1.3 常用的Linux版本 ..................................................................2 1.2 VMware的使用 ..................................................................................3 1.2.1 虚拟机的安装 .........................................................................3 1.2.2 RHEL的安装 ..........................................................................5 1.3 Linux的启动与关闭 .........................................................................10 1.3.1 引导Linux .............................................................................10 1.3.2 root口令的恢复 ....................................................................12 1.3.3 用户登录 ...............................................................................13 1.3.4 系统重启与关闭 ...................................................................14 1.4 Linux网络配置 ................................................................................15 本章小结 ....................................................................................................19 习题 ............................................................................................................19 第2章 Linux终端操作 .................................................................................20 2.1 Linux终端操作基础 .........................................................................20 2.1.1 Linux文件及操作符 .............................................................20 2.1.2 Linux目录结构 .....................................................................21 2.1.3 Linux的RPM包 ..................................................................22 2.1.4 Linux的tar包 ......................................................................23 2.2 目录和文件操作命令 .......................................................................25 2.3 用户管理命令 ...................................................................................34 2.4 系统管理命令 ...................................................................................39 本章小结 ....................................................................................................44 习题 ............................................................................................................44 第3章 Shell编程 ...........................................................................................45 3.1 文本编辑器vi简介 ..........................................................................45 3.1.1 vi基本概念 ...........................................................................45 3.1.2 vi输入模式 ...........................................................................45 3.1.3 删除与修改操作 ...................................................................46 3.1.4 移动光标命令 ..................................................................................................46 3.1.5 编辑命令 ..........................................................................................................46 3.1.6 文件操作指令 ..................................................................................................47 3.2 Bash Shell编程 ............................................................................................................47 3.2.1 环境变量 ..........................................................................................................48 3.2.2 运算符 ..............................................................................................................50 3.2.3 常用命令 ..........................................................................................................53 3.2.4 if语句 ...............................................................................................................55 3.2.5 for循环结构 .....................................................................................................56 3.2.6 while和until ....................................................................................................57 3.2.7 case语句 ..........................................................................................................58 3.2.8 Bash中的函数 .................................................................................................59 3.3 Awk语言介绍 ..............................................................................................................60 3.3.1 变量 ..................................................................................................................61 3.3.2 显示文件中指定分段内容 ..............................................................................63 3.3.3 显示文件特定行指定段的内容 ......................................................................64 3.3.4 多条件语法 ......................................................................................................65 3.3.5 多行记录的结构 ..............................................................................................65 3.3.6 循环结构 ..........................................................................................................67 3.3.7 数组 ..................................................................................................................68 本章小结 ...............................................................................................................................70 习题 ......................................................................................................................................71 第4章 Linux常用服务 ............................................................................................................72 4.1 远程登录服务 ..............................................................................................................72 4.2 Samba原理与应用 .......................................................................................................74 4.2.1 Samba的由来 ..................................................................................................74 4.2.2 Samba的组成 ..................................................................................................75 4.2.3 Samba的安装、运行与使用 ..........................................................................76 4.2.4 用Shell程序建立smb用户 ...........................................................................79 4.2.5 smb.conf配置文件 ..........................................................................................79 4.3 Apache Web服务器 .....................................................................................................83 4.3.1 Apache的由来与特点 .....................................................................................83 4.3.2 Apache的安装与运行 .....................................................................................83 4.3.3 Apache的配置文件httpd.conf ........................................................................86 4.3.4 Apache目录和文件访问控制 .........................................................................89 4.3.5 虚拟主机 ..........................................................................................................92 4.4 DNS ..............................................................................................................................95 4.4.1 DNS的概念 .....................................................................................................95 4.4.2 DNS中的术语及求解过程 .............................................................................96 4.4.3 本地DNS服务器的结构 ................................................................................97 4.5 FTP服务器 .................................................................................................................104 4.5.1 ProFTPD匿名登录异常分析 ........................................................................106 4.5.2 VSFTP服务器 ...............................................................................................107 本章小结 .............................................................................................................................112 习题 ....................................................................................................................................112 第5章 MySQL数据库应用 ...................................................................................................114 5.1 MySQL数据库的结构与建立 ..................................................................................114 5.1.1 MySQL数据库的结构 ..................................................................................114 5.1.2 数据库的建立 ................................................................................................115 5.2 MySQL数据库中数据的操作 ..................................................................................121 5.2.1 表的修改操作 ................................................................................................121 5.2.2 查询数据 ........................................................................................................123 5.3 MySQL数据库的用户权限 ......................................................................................125 5.3.1 用户权限 ........................................................................................................125 5.3.2 增加新用户 ....................................................................................................125 5.3.3 取消权限 ........................................................................................................126 5.3.4 删除用户 ........................................................................................................127 5.3.5 MySQL管理软件 ..........................................................................................127 本章小结 .............................................................................................................................129 习题 ....................................................................................................................................129 第6章 PHP编程初步 .............................................................................................................131 6.1 HTML基础 ................................................................................................................131 6.1.1 基本HTML标记 ...........................................................................................131 6.1.2 HTML页面举例 ............................................................................................132 6.1.3 框架 ................................................................................................................133 6.1.4 JavaScript ........................................................................................................134 6.2 PHP操作符与变量 ....................................................................................................136 6.2.1 常量 ................................................................................................................136 6.2.2 运算符 ............................................................................................................137 6.2.3 变量 ................................................................................................................138 6.3 PHP程序控制语句 ....................................................................................................142 6.3.1 条件语句 ........................................................................................................142 6.3.2 循环语句 ........................................................................................................143 6.3.3 开关控制语句 ................................................................................................144 6.3.4 中断语句 ........................................................................................................146 6.4 文件和字符串操作 ....................................................................................................147 6.4.1 文件和字符串操作常用函数 ........................................................................147 6.4.2 基于文件操作的留言板 ................................................................................150 6.4.3 PHP在Linux中以Shell方式运行 ..............................................................152 6.5 PHP对MySQL数据库的访问 .................................................................................154 6.5.1 常用数据库函数 ............................................................................................154 6.5.2 MySQL数据库的留言板 ..............................................................................156 本章小结 .............................................................................................................................160 习题 ....................................................................................................................................160 第7章 Linux扩展服务 ..........................................................................................................161 7.1 Qmail的应用 .............................................................................................................161 7.1.1 创建Qmail主目录和运行用户 ....................................................................161 7.1.2 安装Qmail .....................................................................................................162 7.1.3 调试Qmail .....................................................................................................163 7.1.4 安装vpopmail参考 .......................................................................................166 7.1.5 邮件发送和接收实验 ....................................................................................169 7.2 DHCP服务器建立 .....................................................................................................170 7.2.1 DHCP服务器的安装 .....................................................................................171 7.2.2 dhcpd配置文件dhcpd.conf ...........................................................................171 7.2.3 DHCP服务器的备份与中转 .........................................................................172 7.3 代理服务的使用 ........................................................................................................173 7.3.1 Apache代理服务 ...........................................................................................173 7.3.2 Squid代理服务 ..............................................................................................174 7.4 综合安装各种服务Shell程序 ..................................................................................177 7.4.1 网络参数和启动程序设置 ............................................................................177 7.4.2 参考安装程序Shell脚本 ..............................................................................178 本章小结 .............................................................................................................................182 习题 ....................................................................................................................................183 第8章 Linux防火墙iptables ................................................................................................184 8.1 防火墙的任务 ............................................................................................................184 8.2 TCP的状态与连接 ....................................................................................................185 8.2.1 状态 ................................................................................................................185 8.2.2 TCP的三次握手过程 ....................................................................................186 8.2.3 TCP三次握手的状态 ....................................................................................189 8.2.4 ICMP的状态 .................................................................................................190 8.3 iptables中的表和链 ...................................................................................................190 8.3.1 filter表 ............................................................................................................190 8.3.2 nat表 ..............................................................................................................191 8.3.3 mangle表 .......................................................................................................191 8.3.4 iptables的流程 ...............................................................................................192 8.4 iptables中的规则 .......................................................................................................192 8.4.1 数据包的匹配方式和限制 ............................................................................193 8.4.2 非正常包的匹配 ............................................................................................193 8.4.3 常用命令 ........................................................................................................194 8.5 防火墙举例 ................................................................................................................196 8.5.1 测试iptables防火墙的filter表中链的工作情况 ........................................196 8.5.2 防火墙例题分析 ............................................................................................198 本章小结 .............................................................................................................................201 习题 ....................................................................................................................................201 参考文献.....................................................................................................................................202 附录A iptables参考手册........................................................................................................203 附录B 常见TCP端口列表 ....................................................................................................211 附录C 习题参考答案 ..............................................................................................................215